Malformación congénita de Columna Vertebral. Mielomeningocele. Informe de Caso
Keywords:
Mielomeningocele, Espina bífida, Hidrocefalia, Diagnóstico prenatal.Abstract
Introducción. El Mielomeningocele es una malformación congénita mayor frecuente asociada a morbimortalidad importante, es una afección producida por defecto en el cierre del tubo neural en las primeras semanas de embarazo. La historia natural de la enfermedad es la muerte por infección del sistema nervioso central y/o un grado de incapacidad motora o sensitiva avanzada. El diagnostico se realiza mediante el examen físico, estudios de imágenes y neurofisiológicos entre otros, indispensables para conocer el contenido del saco herniario .Objetivo. Presentar el caso de un RN con diagnóstico de Hidrocefalia por ecografía durante el embarazo, no realizándose el diagnóstico de la malformación de columna hasta su nacimiento en que se encontró una masa tumoral en región lumbosacra. Consideraciones finales. La importancia de personal calificado en la realización de ecografías durante el embarazo sobre todo en países donde no hay programa para la detección de malformaciones congénitas, con bajos recursos y no existen otros medios diagnósticos.
Palabras claves:Mielomeningocele, Espina bífida, Hidrocefalia, Diagnóstico prenatal.
ABSTRACT.
Introduction: Myelomeningocele is a common major congenital malformation associated with a significant morbimortality, it is a condition caused by defect in the closing of the neural tube in the first pregnancy weeks. The natural history of the illness is death due to infection of the central nervous system and/or an advanced degree of motor or sensitive incapacity. The diagnosis is made among others, through the physical examination and imaging and neuro-physiological studies. It is of utmost importance to know the content of the hernial sac. Aims: To present the case of a new bornwith a diagnosis of Hydrocephalus made by ultrasonography studies during pregnancy. The diagnosis of Back bone malformation was not made until the baby was bornandatumorous mass was found in the sacrum-lumbar region. Final considerations: The importance of qualified personnel in the execution of ultrasonography during pregnancy and most importantly in countries with poor economical resources where there are no programs for the detection of congenital malformation and there are no other diagnostic means.
Key words:Myelomeningocele, Spine bifida, Hydrocephalus, Pre-natal diagnosis
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