Estilo de vida y salud
Keywords:
estilo de vida, factores de riesgo, problemas de saludAbstract
Los patrones de salud a los que se enfrentan hoy las sociedades desarrolladas y en vías de desarrollo, no son las enfermedades transmisibles, sino un grupo de procesos crónicos y degenerativos en cuyas etiologías están profundamente implicados los factores sociales y conductuales. La influencia del estilo de vida y del medio ambiente sobre la actividad humana y social son los principales responsables de los problemas de salud de la población. El siguiente trabajo propone una reflexión acerca de la influencia del estilo de vida como factor de riesgo para la salud humana. Se parte de que el patrón de morbilidad y mortalidad ha sufrido un cambio dramático en los últimos años con un claro predominio de las enfermedades no transmisibles como causa principal de enfermedad y muerte junto con las enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes. Un indicador útil para medir el impacto de las diferentes enfermedades es el concepto de años de vida potencial perdidos, que destaca la pérdida de vidas para la sociedad a consecuencia de muertes prematuras. Se hace necesario revisar los estilos de vida que han sido identificados como factores de riesgo y que predisponen a estas enfermedades y accidentes como son: el tabaquismo y el uso desequilibrado de alcohol como una adicción a las drogas entre otros.
ABSTRACT
Transmissible diseases are not the patterns of health that affect developed and less developed countries nowadays. On the contrary, the generative and chronic processes as well as the social and behavioural factors are the the patterns of health, which affect these societies. The most responsible of people´s health are the influence of life style and the environment on people´s activity. This research work offers a reflection about the influence of the life styles as risk factors for people´s health. Morbidity and mortality rates have changed dramatically in the last decades, having as predominant factor the non transmissible diseases, which at the same time is the main cause of death along with the emergent and reemergent diseases. The concept about the period of life and lost potential is a significance indicator to measure the impact of different diseases. This is one of the cause of early death for society. That is why, it is necessary to check the life styles which have been identified as risk factors for people´s health and lead to different diseases such as: tobaccoism and alcoholism.
Key words: lifestyle, factors of risk, problems of health.
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