Pre-, peri-, and Postnatal Noxious Factors as Warning Signs in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Keywords:
autism; noxious factors; child neurodevelopment.Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders encompass a wide range of clinical presentations, etiologies, and symptom severities. Research in this area has expanded in recent years; however, diagnosis remains delayed. Identifying early warning signs can facilitate diagnosis.
Objective: To identify pre-, peri-, and postnatal noxious factors present in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted on 51 children with autism spectrum disorder in the province of Sancti Spíritus, focusing on identifying noxious factors present before, during, and one year after birth.
Results: The 5-to-9-year-old age group predominated (43.1%), and males accounted for 84.3% of the subjects. Almost all patients presented with some type of noxious factor, with 94.1% of these being postnatal. Maternal diseases and medication use represented a significant proportion, with obesity, hypertension, and mental disorders being particularly notable. 76.5% of the children were born via cesarean section; the most significant postnatal noxious factors observed were sleep disorders (70.6%), epilepsy (56.9%), and language disorders (80.4%).
Conclusions: The study group presented significant pre-, peri-, and postnatal noxious factors that are easily observable during pediatric follow-up and indicate a deviation from neurotypical development. Almost all cases presented with some type of noxious factor; maternal diseases and medication use were the most frequent during the prenatal period.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Iris Dany Carmenate Rodríguez, Conrado Ronaliet Alvarez Borges, Roxany Enriquez lago, Ivianka Linares Batista
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