Atención estomatológica integral a pacientes hematológicos. La Habana, 2011.
Keywords:
manifestaciones bucales, estomatología, gingivorragiaAbstract
Las enfermedades hematológicas en muchas ocasiones, se presentan como una urgencia estomatológica, por lo que es nuestro propósito, que el profesional sepa relacionar ciertas manifestaciones clínicas con dichas patologías para que a través de una correcta anamnesis, exámenes clínicos y complementarios, diagnosticar y aplicar un adecuado tratamiento que responda a las necesidades de la enfermedad del paciente. Las principales enfermedades hematológicas son por: Alteración de los eritrocitos, las anemias carenciales, megaloblásticas y drepanocitosis, las anemias por fallo medular agrupan a las leucemias, aplasia medular y mieloma múltiple; alteraciones en leucocitos, pueden ser cualitativas como el síndrome del leucocito perezoso y el de Beguez-Chediak-Higashi, o cuantitativas, como las neutropenias y leucemias; alteraciones en el sistema mononuclear-macrofàgico y los histiocitos, la histiocitosis a células de Langerhans; alteraciones de la hemostasia, púrpuras y hemofilias. Las principales manifestaciones bucales consisten en las gingivorragias, úlceras, sepsis, hemorragias e inflamación de las encías.
Palabras claves: Manifestaciones bucales/ Estomatología; Gingivorragia/Hematología; Prevención/ Estomatología.
Abstract
Hematological diseases most of the times are an Odontology Urgency, that's why odontologists must know how to relate some clinic oral signs with these diseases and get, through a good questionnaire, clinic inspection and complementary test, a diagnosis and under the right treatment in agreement with these patient's necessities. The main hematological diseases which have odontological features are: erythrocyte diseases, leukocyte diseases and platelets diseases. En he erycthrocyte diseases the more frecuently pathologies are the nutritional anemias for iron or B12 vitamin deficiency, the sickle cell anemias, the bone marrow failure anemias for example: the leukemias, the aplastic anemias and multiple myeloma; in the leukocyte diseases we studied the cualitative and cuantitive alterations, for example: neutropenias, leukemias, the Beguez- Chediak-Higashi syndrome and the Langerhans cells Hystocytosis. In the platelets diseases we studied hemophylias, purpures and others hemostasy diseases. The main oral signs are: gums hemorrages, sores, swelling gums and halytosis.
Key words: Oral signs /odontology; Hematological diseases /hemoatology; Prevention/ odontology; Odontology treatment / odontology.
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