Incidencia del alcoholismo según características sociales. Comunidad Policlínico “Pedro Fonseca”. La Lisa. Años 2011-2012.
Keywords:
alcoholismo, bebedor abusivo, dependencia del alcoholAbstract
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el consultorio 3 del médico de familia perteneciente al Policlínico Docente "Pedro Fonseca" del Municipio Lisa, Provincia La Habana, en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2011 y febrero de 2012, con el objetivo de caracterizar a los pacientes alcohólicos de la comunidad. El universo de estudio lo constituyeron los 50 pacientes con diagnóstico de alcoholismo. La fuente primaria de datos fue: la historia clínica, los datos obtenidos se llevaron a una encuesta que se aplicó y confeccionó según objetivos propuestos, que incluyó las variables: grupo de edad, sexo, situación laboral, escolaridad, estado civil, comportamiento según el consumo de alcohol, factores de riesgo, enfermedades mentales asociadas y complicaciones. Los datos se procesaron de forma computarizada. Los resultados se ilustraron en tablas y texto, se utilizaron las medidas estadísticas de frecuencia y porcentaje. Se reportan como resultados más importantes que el 36% tenían entre 30 y 39 años, 86% eran hombres, 58% tenían pareja, 62% eran obreros, 74% tenían un nivel escolar de secundaria, 84% fueron bebedores abusivos, en 64% los factores de riesgo fueron social, 32% padecían de trastornos depresivos y en el 100% presentaron complicaciones económicas. Se concluyó que: predominaron los bebedores abusivos menores de 40 años con pareja que laboraban como obreros y con nivel secundario; el alcoholismo se debió a problemas sociales en sujetos con síntomas depresivos y produjo complicaciones económicas.
Palabras claves: Alcoholismo, bebedor abusivo, dependencia del alcohol.
Abstract.
They was carried out a traverse descriptive study in the clinic 3 of the family doctor belonging to the Educational Policlínico "Pedro Fonseca" of the Municipality Lisa, County Havana, in the period understood between September of 2011 and February of 2012, with the objective of characterizing the alcoholic patients of the community. The study universe constituted it the 50 patients with diagnostic of alcoholism. The primary source of data was: the clinical history, the obtained data were taken to a survey that was applied and it made according to proposed objectives that it included the variables: age group, sex, labor situation, escolaridad, civil state, behavior according to the consumption of alcohol, factors of risk, associate mental illnesses and complications. The data were processed in an on-line way. The results were illustrated in charts and text, the statistical measures of frequency and percentage were used. They are reported as more important results that 36% had between 30 and 39 years, 86% was men, 58% had couple, 62% was labor, 74% had a school level of secondary, 84% was abusive drinkers, in 64% the factors of risk were social, 32% suffered of depressive dysfunctions and in 100% they presented economic complications. You concluded that: the abusive drinkers prevailed smaller than 40 years with couple that you/they worked as workers and with secondary level; the alcoholism was due to social problems in subject with depressive symptoms and it produced economic complications.Downloads
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